![]() When it arrived in the 1980s, cyberpunk was to mainstream science fiction what punk bands were to prog rockers. Other formative cyberpunk creations include the Japanese manga series Akira (1982) and anime film of the same name (1988), William Gibson's novel Neuromancer (1984) and Mike Pondsmith's role-playing board game Cyberpunk 2020 (1988). Another key early cyberpunk author was Philip K Dick: though his 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep prefigured the genre, when it was adapted for the big screen under the new name Blade Runner in 1982, the film became one of cyberpunk's most immortal works. ![]() Bethke explained that he wanted a term that paired technology with "socially misdirected youth, and tried out the various combinations until one just plain sounded right". The term cyberpunk was coined in 1983 when US author Bruce Bethke wrote Cyberpunk, a short story in which a group of rebellious kids living in a technologically-advanced society skip school and rob a bank by hacking into its mainframe. Indeed, in a world where truth is stranger than science fiction, what can a new Matrix film – and the cyberpunk genre as a whole – offer us now? With only some cryptic trailers to go on so far, it's anyone's guess where the story goes from here, but the Matrix's central ideas (virtual reality, simulation theory) are more ingrained in our own reality now than ever before. As per its title, the fourth film in the series promises to bring three of its most beloved characters back from the dead, with romantically-inclined hackers Neo (Keanu Reeves) and Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) having both seemingly died in the third film, while the bespectacled revolutionary Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) was killed in the canonical narrative of the video-game series The Matrix Online.Īll three are set to return (albeit with Morpheus in younger form, this time played by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II), along with the franchise's trademark kung-fu action sequences and an examination of "what is real". It is adored to this day, as evidenced by the mania surrounding the release of a new Matrix instalment – The Matrix Resurrections – later this month, with fans even seeming to have forgotten the two dreary sequels that came before it (both released in 2003). In this year's documentary A Glitch in the Matrix, director Rodney Ascher interviews a whole cast of people who believe that very thing, that we are in fact in the Matrix. The Wachowski sisters' film was also a definitive work of cyberpunk, the noirish subgenre of science fiction where futuristic technologies combine with bleak, dystopian societies. The Matrix was so influential it convinced some fans that its central premise was real. Finally, the government will ensure all public educational establishments have access to the internet and will double the number of ‘WiFi Chilegob’ points, government-run hotspots providing free Wi-Fi in underserved areas.It was certainly a peak of cinema: 1999 saw Hollywood films – as superficially varied as Fight Club, Office Space, Being John Malkovich and yes, The Matrix – prod at society's brittle facade, making us question our world, our reality, our very existence. Regarding investment and infrastructure, the government will look to pass a bill on the burial of cables, promote its ‘Digital Door Asia-South America’ initiative – which aims to establish Chile as Asia’s communications gateway to the region – and increase investment in the sector by 30%. The first target involves the setting of a minimum broadband speed for users, the reduction of mobile access charges and the elimination of roaming fees for users travelling in Argentina, Peru, Brazil and other countries in the region. The programme revolves around three broad goals: to define and respect the rights of digital citizens to improve investment and infrastructure and reduce to the digital divide by 2022. ![]() Chilean president Sebastian Pinera has unveiled a new programme, dubbed ‘Digital Matrix’, to improve connectivity for Chilean citizens.
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